{"id":11459,"date":"2023-06-30T09:00:50","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T09:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routerctrl.com\/?p=11459"},"modified":"2023-06-30T13:57:40","modified_gmt":"2023-06-30T13:57:40","slug":"evdo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/routerctrl.com\/evdo\/","title":{"rendered":"What is EVDO? (Guide to EVDO Telecommunications Standard)"},"content":{"rendered":"

The evolution from the second generation (2G) to third-generation(3G) cellular networks came with advancements that made connections more reliable. 3G networks are meant to provide more robust and <\/span>faster internet<\/span><\/a>, partly thanks to network standards such as <\/span>EVDO<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hence, we will take a holistic look at EVDO and how it is utilized by the 3G network to establish a better <\/span>internet connection<\/span><\/a>. While at it, we will also compare EVDO to other network standards to fully understand how EVDO works.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"What<\/p>\n

What is CDMA?<\/h2>\n

To clearly understand EVDO, we should start by understanding the concept that came with EVDO, in this case, CDMA.<\/span><\/p>\n

CDMA is an abbreviation for <\/span>Code Division Multiple Access<\/span><\/a>, a protocol used in the second and third-generation wireless networks. CDMA is useful in ultra-High frequencies ranging from 800MHz to 1.9GHz in cellular telephone networks.<\/span><\/p>\n

CDMA uses <\/span>multiplexing<\/span><\/a> to transfer numerous signals over a single channel. It works by conducting analog to digital conversion of cellular signals while also employing spread-spectrum techniques.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spread-spectrum is a technique where the generated signal is deliberately spread to fit wider bandwidth of frequencies. It also enhances connection security because it uses frequencies that resemble noise and transmits the <\/span>narrowband<\/span><\/a> frequency over a <\/span>wideband<\/span><\/a>. The receiver then decodes the incoming signal and retrieves the information signal. <\/span><\/p>\n

The spread-spectrum technique aims to emulate a frequency like noise to hide that it is carrying information. If the signal is concealed, it is less likely to be intercepted or jammed by attackers. Hence CDMA adequately uses the available bandwidth and does not limit the user\u2019s frequency range.<\/span><\/p>\n

Also, CDMA can transmit various signals simultaneously over the same channel without interference, thanks to the spectrum-spread technique. Also, the transmitters are assigned a code that the recipient can decipher to reveal the message within a transmission.<\/span><\/p>\n

Encoding and decoding the signal is also possible because CDMA uses properties of <\/span>Direct Sequence Spectrum<\/span><\/a> (DSSS). Through DSSS, CDMA can multiply the data transmitted with a high bit signal and then modulate it for transmission. The data is extracted using a similar high-bit signal at the receiver’s end. Since different signals require different high-bit signals for decoding, it is possible to use the same channel simultaneously.  <\/span><\/p>\n

CDMA technology is vital in the access method of different channels on most mobile phone standards.<\/span><\/p>\n

What is CDMAOne?<\/h2>\n

CDMAOne is the brand name for the <\/span>Interim Standard 95<\/span><\/a> (IS-95). IS-95 is the first digital cellular network based on the CDMA protocol. It is a second-generation network standard developed by <\/span>QUALCOMM<\/span><\/a> and later adopted by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA).<\/span><\/p>\n

The standard was first deployed in 1995 hence the \u201895\u2019 tag in its name. CDMAOne was an upgrade to the 1G standard that was IS-95\u2019s predecessor. Unlike the 1G standard that used Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) protocol and GSM that used Time Division Multiple Access protocols, IS-95 uses CDMA protocols.<\/span><\/p>\n

The main reason for upgrading from older standards to IS-95 is that IS-95 provides better quality calls with better coverage. IS-95 is also more secure and consumes less power than the previous standards.<\/span><\/p>\n

Initially, IS-95 could carry data of up to 14.4kbps; however, after the IS-95B upgrade, it could carry up to 115kbps.<\/span><\/p>\n

CDMA2000<\/h2>\n

Later developments of the <\/span>2G network standards<\/span><\/a> led to the rise of the third-generation network standard. The 3G network was based on the 2G network, and it was backward compatible.<\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>3GPP2<\/span><\/a> alliance developed CDMA2000, and its main goal was to provide robust and efficient communication. The standard can support both voice and data transmissions using the CDMA channels, making it cost-effective for wireless operators.<\/span><\/p>\n

CDMA2000 is also known as cdma1xRTT, IS-2000, or C2K, and it has peak data rates of 153kbps upstream and downstream. The 1xRTT stands for a single carrier radio transmission technology. CDMA2000 doubles the capacity of the voice network, meaning more people can talk simultaneously.<\/span><\/p>\n

CDMA2000 is further divided into a separate protocol responsible for data transmissions over cellular 3G networks. <\/span>The said protocol is EVDO or 1xEVDO<\/b>. <\/span><\/p>\n

What is EVDO?<\/h2>\n

EVDO is an abbreviation for Evolution Data Only or Evolution-Data Optimized. It is also referred to as 1xEVDO or 1XEV-DO by different service providers. It is a part of the third-generation network standard that strives to provide faster and more reliable data connections.<\/span><\/p>\n

EVDO is part of the CDMA2000 family, and it deals with data while the 1xRTT handles voice connections. EVDO aims to provide 3G CDMA network users with <\/span>fast internet<\/span><\/a> for their mobile devices.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since EVDO deals with data only, it requires its frequency range separate from the range used by standards like 1xRTT to transmit voice. Essentially, EVDO was built to run on its path over the already established cellular network.<\/span><\/p>\n

It was necessary to have EVDO standards since the technology, during its inception, could not allow data and voice packets to be carried on a network without causing complications. Therefore, EVDO was a way to separate the two and offer a seamless connection.<\/span><\/p>\n

Recommended reading:<\/strong><\/p>\n